Pneumatic tool



- (1101101161.) 3 sheen-sheet 1.

C. B. KING.

PNEUMATIG T001.. No. 513,941. Patenteduan. 3o, 1894.

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3 sheets-sheet 2. C. B. KING.

PNEUMATI'G TOOL.

Patented Jan. l30, 1894.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES B. KING, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

PN EU lVIATIC TOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 513,941, dated January 30, 1894. Application tied May 1 9, 1892. serai No. 433,552'. (N9 man.)

To a/ZZ whom it may conlcerm. v

Be it known that I, CHARLES B. KING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tools,.of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings..

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in Vreciprocating motors and belongs to that class of motors designed to be used in calking tools, cutting stones, &c. v

The invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of the parts as follows: First, in the construction ofthe piston or strikerthe ports being formed by annular depressionsobviating small passages or grooves through or in the striker, lessening the costof manufacture, facilitating the cleaning, enabling me to dispense with guides, reducing the friction and simplifying the assemblingV of the parts; second, in the construction of the body of the tool with a casing or jacket enabling me to make all the ports and passages by grooves on the outside of the body orthe inside of the casing and also enabling me to control the motor by turning the casing or sleeve; third, in the construction of the tool stock with a piston backed by the motive agent whereby it forms a spring for returning the tool stock after each blow of the piston or striker thereon; fourth, in the combination of parts whereby I obtain a tight air passage across the joint between the sections of the tool; fifth, in the peculiar construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts, all as more fully hereinafter described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical, central longitudinal section through my improved motor. Fig. 2 is a similar section at right angles thereto. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the body of the motor with the sleeve or casing detached looking toward the same side as in Fig. l. Fig. 4 isa section onlinewin Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section on line y y' in Fig. 2 with the valve removed. Fig. 6 is a detachedelevation partly in section of the valve. Fig. 7 is an end elevation thereof. Fig. Sis a vertical section on line z-z in Fig. 5, with the nose piece and tool holder removed. Fig. 9 is a Vertical section on line w w in Fig. 5

with the piston or striker removed. Fig. l0

is across section on line o o in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a cross` section on line u u in Fig. 9. Fig. 12`is a detached perspective viewof the spring latch. Fig. 13 is a diagram of the cylinder or valve chamber, Aits valves and the connecting ports and passages, and Fig. llis an elevation of the tool complete.

The body of the tool consists of the head A'having the reduced portion B at the lower end of which is formed the cylinder C and at the upper end the head Vis provided with a suitable nipple D having a central passage way E for the admission of the motive iuid to the motor. The lower end of the cylindrical portion is screw threaded to receive the nose piece F which holds in position the sleeve or casing G between its upper end and the shoulder H upon the head A.

I is a block itted into the upper end of the nosepiece and having the flange I clamped between a shoulder on the nose piece and the lower end of the cylindrical portion of the body. rIhe upper end of this block forms the lower end ot' the working cylinder and the lowerlend thereof forms the end of the cylindenJ in which is located the piston J" on the ltool holder K. This tool holder passes through acentral aperture in the nose piece and above the piston has an extension K which passes through the block I and enters the cylinder C. `In the cylinder C is a cylindrical striker or piston L adapted to be reciprocated in the cylinder to strike upon the tool holder a succession of blows to operate the tool.

In the body of the tool, above the cylinder C is the transverse aperture L forming avalve chamber in which is the reciprocating valve L2. The ends of this chamber are formed by the sleeve of the casing. This valve is formed of a central stem a having three rings d formed integral therewith.` The central ring has a bearing surface of a greater length thanv the stroke allowed the valve, and in this way the wear is more evenly distributed throughout the length of the valve. The central ring is not Worn as quickly in this arrangement as When the central ring is made the length of the stroke. Of course, it is understood that the inlet passage E is made correspondingly wider. The body of this valve I make of IOC some light material, such as gutta percha, vulcanized fiber, or other non-metallic material, and the periphery of the rings I cover by a metallic casing b (shown in Fig. 6) which I preferably secure in place by turning over the edges c. Thus without sacrificing any weight I get the benefit of metallic wearing surfaces for the valve, reducing the friction and adding greatlyto its life. The passage way E leads into this valve chamber centrally thereof. The arrangement of ports and passages for operating the valve and striker is shown in diagram in Fig. 13.

2 is a passage way leading from the valve chamber to the upper end of the main or working cylinder. 3 is a similar passage leading to the lower end of that cylinder.

4 and 5 are exhaust ports from the cylinder.

6 is an air supply passage connecting into the main induction passage E and extending longitudinally of the tool, connected at its lower end into the cylinder J beneath the piston J', maintaining a constant pressure therein and acting as a spring to return the tool holder to its initial position after each blow of the hammer or striker. From the air passage 6 are connecting passages 7 and 8 into the cylinder C above and below the center thereof.

9 and 10 are passages connecting opposite ends of the valve chamber with the cylinder and 11 is an exhaust passage from the cylinder.

The parts being in the position shown in Fig. 13 their operation is as follows: Compressed air or other motive agent entering the induction passage E enters the valfe cylinder to the right of the central ring and finds exit through the passage 2 to the top of the main cylinder, forcing the piston L downward. Air'will also pass through the air supply passage 6 connecting passage 7, annular port 12 formed in the piston and passage 9 to the end of the valve and holding the valve in the passage shown in Fig. 13, until the piston or striker has moved to the opposite end of its stroke. The piston in descending will strike the upper end of the extension K of the tool holder imparting a sharp blow to the tool. The exhaust from the lower end of the cylinder in the downward movement of the striker will pass through the passage 3 and find exit through the exhaust passage 5. As it moves downward it will close the passage 7 and when it has reached the lower end of its stroke the annular port 13 in the striker will register with the passage 8 of the supply passage 6 and the compressed air passing through that annular port will enter the passage 10 and throw the valve to its opposite position. Meanwhile the air at the opposite end of the valve will exhaust through the passage 9, annular port 12 and passage 11. As soon as the valve has been thrown, the motive agent will pass into the passage 3 at the lower end of the piston, forcing the piston to its upper position and the air at the upper end of the cylinder will exhaust through the passage 2 into the valve chamber and out through the passage 4. Thus the valve will be successively thrown and the piston reciprocated to cause a succession of blows upon the tool stock which will be elastically backed by the motive agent.

By forming my tool of a central body with a reduced portion extending over the valve cylinder and the main cylinder and arranging a sleeve upon that reduced portion, I am enabled to construct the passages for the motive agent by forming grooves in the exterior of the reduced portion, and in the interior of the casing or sleeve, thus avoiding almost entirely the necessity of drilling the passages for the compressed air. I am also enabled to use the sleeve as a means of adjustment to the air supply both to the valve and to the striker, and I preferably so construct the parts, that by turning the sleeves in one direction, I throttle the air supply to the striker and by turning it in an opposite direction from a given point I throttle the air supply to the valve. In this manner I am enabled, first, in restricting the passages to the striker through which the air is alternately supplied and exhausted, to decrease the force of the blows and adjust that with the greatest nicety, and, second, in throttling the air supply to the valve I can decrease the movements of the valve without decreasing the force of the blow which is imparted to the striker; thus I am enabled to regulate to any desired extent the speed of the blows which the striker imparts to the tool.

The sleeve is -made to nicely fit upon the reduced portion of the body, yet free to revolve thereon to adjust the air pressure. Such ports and passages as are desired to remain unaffected by the rotation of the sleeve, I form by grooves in the body and such as are to be controlled by the sleeve, I form entirely or partially in the sleeve.

At any suitable part of the body, I form a recess 111 having the aperture 15 at one end,

in which I secure the bent end of a spring 16, the body of which extends in the groove, and has a locking portion 17 at the end adapted to engage in any one of a series of notches 1S (Fig. 4c) formed in the interior of the sleeve. The normal position of the parts is when the spring is in the central notch, all ports being wide open.

To lessen the force of the blows of the striker, I throttle the passage 3, to the lower end of the piston. This I accomplish by forming the passage 19 in the sleeve, into which the passage 3 merges at some point in its length. (See Figs. 8 and 11.) By turning the sleeve to the left that passage will be re stricted to any degree, and the restriction of the motive Huid therethrough will in the well known manner, decrease the force of the blows of the striker. To lessen the number of blows without decreasing their force, I restrict the supply of air to the valve. This I IOO tos

IIO

accomplish by forming the passage 2O (Fig. in the sleeve through which the passage 6 connects, at some point of its length. This passage is preferably tapering at one end to give nice adjustment. By turning the sleeve to the right, the passage 6 will be restricted to any desired degree, restricting the amount of air to operate the valve, and thereby decreasing the number of blows. The passages 19 and 20 are elongated so that in turning the sleeve to the left, to regulate the air to the piston and striker, the passage to the valve remains unaected, and in turning to the right to regulatethe air to the valve, the passage to the striker remains wide open. To stop the tool, the sleeve may be turned in either direction to close either the passage to the valve or striker. v

The passage 6, as previously explained eX- tcnds into the nose piece, to supply air to the cylinder J, and must necessari-ly cross the joint between the body and the nose piece.

To eect this and yet maintain a tight joint, I connect the grooved passage 6, with a drilled passage 21, extending across the joint, con necting with the lower end of the passage 6, by a cross passage 22 about midway of the threads in the connection between the bod)T and nose piece. In order to insure a perfect registration of these ports in the body and Vnose piece, I employ a spring catch, on the nose, engaginga notch in the nose. This I construct as follows: 01.2 is a spring, havinga dovetail shaped lateral lug b at one end, engaging in a corresponding dovetail recess in the nose. c is a pin (Fig. 9) having a rivet d formed at its end, adapted to engage in an aperture in the spring and be riveted to the spring, after the pin has been placed in an aperture e formed in the nipple of the nose piece. When thus secured, the pin prevents the lug b from being withdrawn from its recess. When turned to the proper point after the parts are assembled the pin engages a notch f, in the body locking the parts in position. The body of the spring is placed in a notch in the nose piece, so that its outer face is iiush with the surface of the tool. Its lower end overhangs a notch g in the nose piece to allow of the operator placing his tinger or a tool under the end to lift the spring to disengage the pin.

h is a passage leading from the upper end of the cylinder J, above the piston J forming a free inlet and exhaust at all times from the upper end of the piston. -This passage preferably connects into the recess g so that the hand of the operator is less liable to cover it over. The tool resulting from this construction is exceptionally simple and keasy of access for repair; all the working parts may be reached by simply disengaging the spring latch on the nose piece and removed with it, the tool stock and the block being removed with the nose piece and the piston will slide out from the cylinder. The sleeve may also be removed leaving both ends of the valve chamber open so that the valve may be withdrawn. As all of the ports and passages are formedl by grooves they may be cleaned and the tool oiled and the parts assembled with the least possible trouble.

It is evident that in making the piston or striker with only annular ports, no guide is necessary for that piston to work on. The result is that there is less danger of the cylinder wearing in grooves or ridges, there is little or no danger of the ports filling up and the piston itself may be more readily cleaned and more cheaply manufactured besides reducing the friction in operation.

What I claim as my invention isl. The combination in a tool, of acylindrical body portion having a shoulder at the top, a rotatorily adjustable sleeve upon the cylindrical body bearing at its upper end against the shoulder, said sleeve forming a controlling valve and a detachable clamping ring bearing against the lower end ot the sleeve, substantially as described.

2. The combination in a tool, of a cylindrical body portion having a shoulder at the top, a rotatorily adj ustablesleeve upon the cylindrical body bearing at its upper end against the shoulder, said sleeve forming a controlling valve and a detachable nose piece bearing against the lower end of the sleeve, substantially as described.

3.' The combination in a tool, of a cylindrical body portion, having a shoulder at the top, a rotatorily adjustable sleeve upon the cylindrical body, bearing at its upper end against said shoulder, a detachable nose piece bearing against the lower end of the sleeve, and a spring catch for locking the nose piece against rotary movement ou the body, substantially as described.

4. The combination in a tool, of a cylindrical body portion having a shoulder at the top, a rotatorily adjustable sleeve upon the cylindrical body having at its upper end a shoulder, a detachable nose piece bearing against the lowerV end of the sleeve, and a spring pawl in the body engaging a series of notches in the sleeve to lock the sleeve in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

5. The combination inatool, of acylindrical body portion, having a cylinder and a valve chamber therein, the striker and valve, and the sleeve, rotatorily adjustable upon the cylindrical body, and forming the valve for controlling the blows of the tool, substantially as described.

6. The combination in a tool,ot` a cylindrical body portion, having a cylinder and a valve chambertherein, the striker and valve, a nose piece carrying the tool, and the sleeve rotatorily adjustable upon the cylindrical body, and forming the valve for controlling the blows of the tool, substantially as described.

7. Ina tool, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, a valve controlling ports toI the opposite end of said piston, and means for reciprocating said valve consisting of supply and exhaust passages connecting said valve with the interior of the cylinder, and only annular ports in the piston adapted to register alternately with said supply and exhaust passages, substantially as described.

8. In a tool, the combination of a body portion having a cylindrical portion, a cylinder and a valve chamber therein, a striker and a valve in the cylinder and valve chamber respectively, a sleeve surrounding the cylindrical portion and passages for the motive agent formed by grooves in the exterior of the body and interior of the sleeve, substantially as described.

9. In a tool, the combination of a body portion having a cylindrical portion, a cylinder, a striker therein, a valve chamber, a valve therein, a sleeve surrounding the cylindrical portion of the body having passages formed by grooves on its inner face adapted to be controlled by the rotation of the sleeve, su bstantially as described.

10. In a tool, the combination with the body portion, having a main induction passage, the cylinder, valve chamber, striker and valve, and passages, substantially as described, of a rotatorily adjustable sleeve upon the body, having passages therein connecting the induction passage with the valve and the valve chamber with the cylinder, said passages being elongated at opposite sides, whereby the rotation of the sleeve in one direction affects but a single passage, substantially as described.

11. The combination in a tool, of a cylindrical body portion having a cylinder and a valve chamber therein, the striker and valve, the sleeve rotatorily adjustable upon the cylindrical body having passages therein connecting with the valve chamber and cylinder, said passages being respectively adjustable by rotation of the sleeve in opposite directions from a central point, substantially as described.

12. The combination in a tool of a body portion having formed therein a cylinder and a valve chamber, a striker in the cylinder, a valve in the valve chamber, and a rotary sleeve, forming a valve for controlling the supply of motive liuid to the valve, substantially as described.

13. In a pneumatic tool,a casing composed of sections having overlapping ends forming a coupling between the sections, a passage formed in the ends at an angle to the longitudinal meeting faces thereof and intermediate the inner and outer edges of the meeting edges of the casing, and longitudinal passages forming continuations of the other passage, substantially as described.

14. In a tool of the kind described the piston controlling valve consisting of a central stem having rings formed integral therewith, the body portion being formed of a light material, a metallic casing upon the periphery of the rings, and inwardly turned lianges on the casing at the edges ot' the rings forming the means of securing the casing upon the body, substantially as described.

15. In a tool of the kind described, the combination with the body, the reciprocating striker therein, the tool stock adapted to be struck by the striker, a piston thereon, acylinder in which said piston engages having a passage connecting at its lower end constantly with the induction passage for the motive agent, substantially as described.

16. In atool of the kind described, the combination with the body, the reciprocating piston therein, the tool stock adapted to be struck by said piston, a piston on the tool stock, a cylinder in which said piston engages, having a passage connecting the lower end thereof with the induction passage for the motive agent during the downward movement of the piston and having an opening at the upper end thereof above the piston, substantially as described.

17. In a tool of the kind described, the combination with the body portion, a detachable nose piece, of a'spring latch having a secured portion engaging into the nose piece, and a pin passing through an aperture in the nose piece and entering in the body, substantially as described.

1S. In a tool of the kind described, the combination with a body and a sleeve movable thereon, of a spring catch for holding the sleeve in its adjusted position, consisting of a spring arm having the bent portion 15 forming the securing portion and a locking portion 17 adapted to engage in notches in the sleeve, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I alicix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES l. KING.

Witnesses:

N. L. LINDOP, M. B. ODOGHERTY. 

